LEARN HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Acquire new knowledge or deepen your current knowledge of Human Anatomy and Physiology.
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Learn at home, save money and time
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Study this course if you want a strong foundation in human biology
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Study this course if you want to gain strong study and research skills
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Feel more confident in your understanding of anatomy and physiology - in depth study on each major system
How: by studying the 6 in-depth lessons each on a major system and completing the 6 assignments. This course comes with course notes, diagrams and self assessment tests (online and elearning only).
Why: because with ACS you learn at home at your pace in your time. This saves you money and hassle, leaving you free to focus on what you want.
This course is designed for people working or looking to work in the health care industry, or for people who want to have the basic knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. This is a foundation course for most of the certificates and proficiency awards in related disciplines or it may be taken as a very interesting stand alone course.
Student's comment -"Very pleased with the work" L. Lowery
Lesson Structure
There are 6 lessons in this course:
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Cells & Tissues
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Explains the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes.
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The Skeleton
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Examines features of the human skeletal system.
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The Muscular System
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Describes the human muscular system, in terms of structure and basic function.
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The Nervous System
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Looks at the human nervous system, in terms of structure and basic functions.
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Digestion & Excretion
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Explains different physiological systems of digestion and excretion in the body.
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Physiological Systems
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Focuses on the different physiological systems of the body.
Each lesson culminates in an assignment which is submitted to the school, marked by the school's tutors and returned to you with any relevant suggestions, comments, and if necessary, extra reading.
Aims
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Explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes.
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Explain features of the human skeletal system.
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Describe the human muscular system, in terms of structure and basic function.
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Explain the human nervous system, in terms of structure and basic functions.
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Explain different physiological systems of digestion and excretion in the body.
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Explain different physiological systems of the body.
What You Will Do
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Observe and identify parts of the human body
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Dissect an animal heart (obtained from a butcher)
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Observe different types of animal tissues (obtained from a butcher)
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Prepare a summary explaining the function of the main types of human body tissues
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Explain, in your own words, different problems that can occur with different human tissues
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Explain cellular division (mitosis and meiosis)
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Explain problems that can occur with different bones
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Explain the purpose of different structural components of muscle tissue in a human muscle of your choice
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Explain the function of a typical nerve cell using words and illustrations
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Explain the function of the central nervous system using words and illustrations
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Describe different physiological process which occur in the digestive system
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Describe different physiological process which occur in a properly functioning excretory system
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Broadly classify the effects of hormones
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Explain different processes which occur in a properly functioning endocrine system
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Describe the anatomy of the lung
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List the parts of the respiratory system
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Define inspiration and expiration
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Discuss the trachea
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Explain the processes that occur in a properly functioning respiratory system
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Draw and label diagrams of the parts of the respiratory system
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Research further information relevant to human anatomy and physiology using resources available to you (which may be different for different students)
Do You Understand the Skeleton?
Bones are living structures. They have blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves. They grow, are able to repair themselves and are subject to diseases. Bones are connected in a system of moveable and immovable joints to form the skeleton. The skeleton serves as a frame to which voluntary striated muscles are attached. It is also a site of red blood cell production or haematopoiesis and produces some cells of the immune system. Exercise can alter bone in that it can alter its strength in response to mechanical stress. The femur (thigh bone) of a weight lifter will be much thicker and stronger than that of a normal adult, for example. Regular exercise helps build muscle, but it also helps maintain and increase bone strength. Exercise causes the muscle to contract against the bone. This action stresses or stimulates the bone and the bone becomes stronger and denser. As we age we tend to lose calcium in our bones and sometimes the bones actually shrink through a process called demineralization which can cause osteoporosis. So, what can we do to keep our bones as strong as possible? In addition to consuming sufficient calcium throughout our lifetime, weight-bearing exercise is critical for keeping our bones healthy. "Weight-bearing" is key. For example, while swimming is terrific for heart health, it does not appear to keep bones well calcified. As we are enjoying our power walks and "pumping iron", it is great to remember that we are strengthening our bones as well as our hearts and muscles. Bone healthy exercises include walking, jogging, lifting light weights, resistance exercises using machines, biking, stair climbing, and cross-country skiing. The skeletal system consists of:
- Bone tissue
- Cartilage
- Bone marrow
- the periosteum (membrane surrounding bones)
"OSTEOLOGY" is the term used to describe the study of bones and the study of the treatment of bones.
BONE ANATOMY
There are several different types of bone which will be discussed later in this section. A typical bone is made up of a shaft and two ends (known as extremities). The outer shell of a typical bone is known as compact bone. This layer is hard and covers most of the surface of the bone. The two extremities consist of spongy bone. This is made up of plates that form a porous network. The spaces within this network are usually filled with bone marrow which is a soft, fatty substance. Inside the shaft is the medullary cavity which is a hollow that is filled with bone marrow. Some bone ends are involved in joint movement. Where this occurs the extremity is covered with a thin layer of smooth cartilage. This cartilage is called the articular cartilage and its job is to provide a friction-free surface to aid movement. Around the entire surface of the bone (except where there is articular cartilage) is a thin, fibrous membrane called the periosteum. Bone-forming cells are located here and are responsible for laying down bone to increase the width of long bones. It also lays down bone in response to healing at places where fractures have occurred.
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